BMW Essay -- essays research papers

BMW and Audi, two German vehicle producers, have gained notoriety for making the absolute best vehicles in the business. Not exclusively are the two organizations prevalent in their creation, however their budget summaries additionally demonstrate solidness and effectiveness. Taking a gander at money related proportions, we will think about the two organizations on a premise of the board effectiveness and obligation status. As a bank investigator, we will make a proposal with respect to which organization would be smarter to favor an advance for. A proposal will likewise be made with respect to the executives adequacy and which organization would improve a venture. BMW has caught the consideration of vehicle drivers from all around the globe with their â€Å"Ultimate Driving Machine.† The BMW Company was initially settled in Germany and has broadened broadly coming to more than 12 nations. With Germany and the United States being the best two objective nations, BMW has set up their items as a blend of extravagance, wellbeing, and solace with product offerings to suit all styles of living. Incomes have been expanding every year since before 1996 with benefits originating from product offering of vehicles and cruisers. In 2001, BMW came out with another item gathering, the Mini. The Mini additionally added to the income increment in 2001. BMW has current improvements in their games vehicles, the Z8. BMW has made a dependable name for the cars they produce and has all the possibility to proceed with their achievement later on. Audi, one of Germany’s first car makers, has been planning and building vehicles since August Horch, its author, finished his first vehicle in 1901. Throughout the years following, a progression of developments and mergers have driven Audi to the position it is in today. Audi’s auxiliaries incorporate organizations to encourage universal activities, part producers, a vehicle customization organization, an innovation research organization, and Lamborghini Corp, a fruitful games vehicle maker. Audi’s flow improvements incorporate its holding the EU Seal of Environmental Protection, and various mechanical headways, including new vehicle structures and a â€Å"seeing car† innovation that has been designated for the German Future honor for Technology and Innovation.      BMW     Audi Productivity Ratiosâ â â â â â â â â â Profit for Equityâ ... ...mirrors this. This again shows BMW’s less effective cost the executives than Audi. Through Dupont examination, we have had the option to see the particular qualities and shortcomings of BMW and Audi’s the executives. BMW’s lower net revenue and resource turnover demonstrate less productive cost the executives and resource the board. Their obligation multiplier shows that they’re exploiting obligation, however the advantage of this isn’t acknowledged in light of their issues with cost and resource the board. Due to Audi’s increasingly proficient utilization of their benefits, and better cost effectiveness, it very well may be said that their administration has performed better than BMW’s over the previous year. BMW and Audi both form vehicles that have gained notoriety for security, unwavering quality and quality. These qualities rise above into their fiscal reports, making them two a wise speculation because of their obligation status, and the board adequacy. Our proposal as a bank credit investigator would be for BMW because of its boss liquidity and okay. While assessing the executives execution for value venture, Audi is unmistakably a superior speculation. This is basically because of its boss resource the board, obligation allotment, and stock administration.

Strategizing optimum location Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planning ideal area - Essay Example The initial two will plan fabricating worries of the abattoir, while the last one is an assistance guide. Examination and hypothetical preparation: The standard structure of an abattoir goes to some degree like this: a 60 m2 by 30 m2 rectangular Plan comprising primarily of 1)Production module (Pi): P1 butcher floor, P2 lairage (store region for creatures preceding butcher), P3 chiller, P4 tripe room, P5 meat cutting and handling. 2)Service module (Si): S1 water flexibly, S2 profluent removal, S3 strong waste and blood removal, S4 cover up and skin handling, S5 electric light and force. For our contextual investigation, we confine our conversations on a shortsighted level as it were. Let us inspect how standard Operation strategies apply for this situation. Utilizing direct programming, we have to for the most part decide the amount and assortment (for example steers, pigs, sheep and goat, and so on.) of butcher required/day dependent on showcase request; in this model the goal work is advertise income (Ri) out of hamburger (x1) and pork (x2), and the limitations are space necessities, and market request.

All the Books! Podcast, Episode #22 New Releases for Oct. 6, 2015

All the Books! Podcast, Episode #22 New Releases for Oct. 6, 2015 This week, Liberty and Rebecca discuss The Witch of Lime Street: Séance, Seduction, and Houdini in the Spirit World, Slaughterhouse 90210, Stars Between the Sun and Moon, and  more new releases. This episode was sponsored by Penguin Random House Audio and FabFitFun. Subscribe to All the  Books! using  RSS or iTunes and never miss a beat book. Sign up for the weekly New Books! newsletter for even more new book news. Books discussed on the show: Mothers, Tell Your Daughters: Stories by Bonnie Jo Campbell The Witch of Lime Street: Séance, Seduction, and Houdini in the Spirit World by David Jaher Slaughterhouse 90210 by Maris Kreizman Don’t Suck, Don’t Die: Giving Up Vic Chesnutt by Kristin Hersh 100 Years of the Best American Short Stories edited by Lorrie Moore and Heidi Pitlor The Clasp by Sloane Crosley Stars Between the Sun and Moon:  One Womans Life in North Korea and Escape to Freedom by Lucia Jang and Susan McClelland Florynce Flo Kennedy: The Life of a Black Feminist Radical by Sherie M. Randolph What were reading: American Sweepstakes: How One Small State Bucked the Church, the Feds, and the Mob to Usher in the Lottery Age by Kevin Flynn The Claiming of Sleeping Beauty  by A. N. Roquelaure (Anne Rice) More books out this week: Dietrich Riefenstahl: Hollywood, Berlin, and a Century in Two Lives by Karin Wieland (Author), Shelley Frisch (Translator) The Song Machine:  Inside the Hit Factory  by John Seabrook Swords and Scoundrels (The Duelists Trilogy) by Julia Knight The Searcher by Simon Toyne A Thousand Nights by E.K. Johnston Bats of the Republic by Zachary Thomas Dodson Poorly Drawn Lines:  Good Ideas and Amazing Stories  by Reza Farazmand Nation of Enemies by H.A. Raynes Learning to Die in the Anthropocene: Reflections on the End of a Civilization by Roy Scranton Wilkie Collins: A Brief Life by Peter Ackroyd Ghostly: A Collection of Ghost Stories by Audrey Niffenegger A Poet of the Invisible World by Michael Golding House Arrest by K.A. Holt Its a Wonderful Death by Sarah J. Schmitt Leading by Alex Ferguson You Blew It!: An Awkward Look at the Many Ways in Which Youve Already Ruined Your Life by Josh Gondelman and Joe Berkowitz The Secret Chord by Geraldine Brooks The Last Witness by K. J. Parker Pretending to Dance by Diane Chamberlain Keeping an Eye Open: Essays on Art by Julian Barnes Well Never Be Apart by Emiko Jean The Nest by Kenneth Oppel (Author), Jon Klassen (Illustrator) A House of My Own: Stories from My Life by Sandra Cisneros Silver on the Road (The Devils West) by Laura Anne Gilman Everything She Forgot by Lisa Ballantyne A Tale of Highly Unusual Magic by Lisa Papademetriou Art in the Blood: A Sherlock Holmes Adventure by Bonnie MacBird Supplication: Selected Poems of John Wieners by John Wieners An Inheritance of Ashes by Leah Bobet Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard, Book 1: The Sword of Summer by Rick Riordan Shadows of Carcosa : Tales of Cosmic Horror by Lovecraft, Chambers, Machen, Poe, and Other Masters of the Weird Chance Harbor by Holly Robinson A Kind of Grief by A. D. Scott Fortunate Son: My Life, My Music by John Fogerty The Ville Rat by Martin Limon Daydreams of Angels: Stories by Heather O’Neill Four-Legged Girl: Poems by Diane Seuss Buffalo Trail by Jeff Guinn Katherine Carlyle by Rupert Thomson Witness to Change: From Jim Crow to Political Empowerment by Sybil Haydel Morial Choosing Hope: Moving Forward from Lifes Darkest Hours by Kaitlin Roig-DeBellis Dinner by César Aira (Author), Katherine Silver (Translator) MJ: The Genius of Michael Jackson by Steve Knopper Orbiting Jupiter by Gary D. Schmidt Night Music: Nocturnes Vol. 2 by John Connolly Grounded by Diana Butler Bass Americas Mistress: The Life and Time of Miss Eartha Kitt by John L. Williams God’s Kingdom by Howard Frank Mosher Son: A Psychopath and His Victims by Jack Olsen Carry On by Rainbow Rowell Eves Hollywood by Eve Babitz The Rim of Morning: Two Tales of Cosmic Horror by William Sloane The Gap of Time by Jeanette Winterson Changing the Subject: Art and Attention in the Internet Age by Sven Birkerts Then Comes Marriage: United States v. Windsor and the Defeat of DOMA by Roberta Kaplan, with Lisa Dickey The Rest of Us Just Live Here by Patrick Ness M Train by Patti Smith Death by Water by Kenzaburo Oe Killing and Dying by Adrian Tomine Futuristic Violence and Fancy Suits by David Wong The Devil in the Valley by Castle Freeman, Jr. And Then I Danced: Traveling the Road to LGBT Equality by Mark Segal Seize the Night:  New Tales of Vampiric Terror edited by Christopher Golden The Dead Duke, His Secret Wife, and the Missing Corpse : An Extraordinary Edwardian Case of Deception and Intrigue by Piu Marie Eatwell The Natural World of Winnie-the-Pooh: A Walk Through the Forest that Inspired the Hundred Acre Wood by Kathryn Aalto The Story of My Tits by Jennifer Hayden If You Wrong Us by Dawn Kiehr The Well-Dressed Wound by Derek McCormack Lila by Marilynne Robinson (Now in paperback.) Tell Me Again How a Crush Should Feel by Sara Farizan (Now in paperback.) The Magician’s Lie by Greer Macallister (Now in paperback.) The Girl Who Was Saturday Night by Heather O’Neill (Now in paperback.)

Essay Ambivalence and Death in Shakespeares Hamlet

In act IV, scene III, Shakespeare addresses the play’s themes and messages; those being ambivalence and how people are one and the same in the end of life. Hamlet speaks in an eccentric riddle form but there are underlying messages communicated through Hamlet’s craziness and Claudius’ confusion. The ideas are conversed through Claudius and Hamlet and convey the morals of the drama, Hamlet. Shakespeare also takes the liberty in this section to show how diverse and opposite the characters of Claudius and Hamlet are by differentiating their literary devices. Although Hamlet and Claudius are related to one another by the law and by both of their needs to achieve self-fulfillment; In act IV, scene III, it is clearly conveyed how the†¦show more content†¦Ã¯ Å  In addition to the sentence length and the content, Shakespeare shows the distinct difference between Hamlet’s quick thinking wittiness and Claudius’ slow uncertainty. Shakespeare dictated in the script that Claudius was to talk with â€Å"[fiery quickness]† (48) during the dialogue where he is telling Hamlet off; this section of lines is inferring that Claudius’ lines have been delayed and not very powerful up to that point. In this particular scene, it is quite apparent that Claudius does not know what to make of Hamlet’s riddles. For instance, â€Å"(To the attendants) Go seek him there.† (41), states that Claudius is quite slow on the uptake. Hamlet just told Claudius that Polonius’ body was â€Å"up the stairs into the lobby† (40- 41) which was up in heaven or hell, whichever the reader chose. Since Claudius tells his servants to go find him there, it shows that he is not able to grasp Hamlet’s intended meaning, which is bi-polar opposite of Hamlet’s witty character. Another device Shakespeare crafted into the script to highlight their differences was to have Hamlet speak about the â€Å"Fat King† and the â€Å"Lean Beggar† (26). Both the adjectives and the nouns are opposites, which subliminally spotlight the differences in this segment of theShow MoreRelated Alienation in Hamlet Essay745 Words   |  3 PagesAlienation in Hamlet In Hamlet, Shakespeare depicts alienation among the younger characters. Trusting no one, Claudius, the new king, and Polonius send out spies to obtain information from others to assure Claudiuss rule of Denmark runs smoothly. Claudius killed Old Hamlet for the rule of Denmark and he fears that Hamlet might know of the murder. Both Claudius and Polonius spy on Hamlet to find out if he knows of the murder. Polonius sends his daughter, Ophelia, out to also gain informationRead MoreHamlet as Tragic Hero Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet, the titled character of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, William Shakespeare’s most prominent play, is arguably the most complex, relatable, and deep character created by Shakespeare. 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Focusing primarily on his most famous soliloquy at the start of act three, much critical debate has arisen over the subjectRead MoreHamlet Essay1901 Words   |  8 PagesKenneth Brannagh’s Hamlet: A Masterpiece William Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a tragedy known for its drama and portrayal of its characters. For many decades, the play has undergone different interpretations as well as criticisms. An important factor of the play that has gone through this criticism is the character of the ghost who appears to be Hamlet’s dead father. After the first encounter between Hamlet and his â€Å"father†, it seems apparent that the ghost is in fact Old Hamlet, returning to EarthRead More Ambiguity, Inconsistency and Uncertainty in Othello Essay example1269 Words   |  6 PagesWilson in his book of literary criticism, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, addresses the arbitrariness and inconsistency in the play: Though the action moves in a single line, with none of the intricate interweaving of parallels displayed in Hamlet, the emotional pattern has, as it were, two poles of concentration: mounting horror at the insatiable malice of Iago, pity for the suffering helplessness of his victims. These effects are securely attained at the expense of a good deal of arbitrarinessRead More Irregularities in Othello1716 Words   |  7 Pageshis book of literary criticism, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, addresses the arbitrariness and inconsistency in the play:    Though the action moves in a single line, with none of the intricate interweaving of parallels displayed in Hamlet, the emotional pattern has, as it were, two poles of concentration: mounting horror at the insatiable malice of Iago, pity for the suffering helplessness of his victims. These effects are securely attained at the expense of a good deal of arbitrarinessRead More William Shakespeares Titus Andronicus Essay3112 Words   |  13 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Titus Andronicus Titus transforms into a character of carnival in Shakespeare’s â€Å"Titus Andronicus.† Carnival is a concept described by Michael Bristol in his paper â€Å"Funeral Bak’d-Meats.† In the paper, Bristol describes carnival as a period before the beginning Lent in early modern Europe, characterized by â€Å"hedonistic excess and transgression.† (Bristol 351) Carnival characters place special emphasis on food, disguise and a reversal of the social order or â€Å"uncrowning.† TheRead MoreFemale Sexuality in Shakespeare4830 Words   |  20 PagesQuestion Compare and contrast the representation of female sexuality in Cymbeline, the Sonnets, and one of the plays: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Richard II, Hamlet, Antony and Cleopatra, Measure for Measure or King Lear.       Both Cymbeline and A Midsummer Night’s Dream  (AMND)  are both set in a patriarchal environment where both genders grapple for control. Valerie Traub defines the distinction between gender sex and gender behavior as â€Å"Sex refers to the . . . biological distinctions betweenRead MoreViolence and Its Forms1776 Words   |  8 Pagesviolence, sociopathic violence, and descriptive violence. Shakespeare places these different forms of violence side-by-side and evaluates how they are interrupted differently by society; some violence is rewarded, while other acts are punishable by death. Each one of these forms has a specific manner in affecting the pathos of Macbeth’s audience, either by increasing respect or creating a loss of connection between Macbeth’s bloody acts and his audience. In the Elizabethan era it was not uncommonRead Moreshakespeare influences16068 Words   |  65 Pages 5. SIGNIFICANCE AND RATIONALE 6. ANALYSIS 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. ABSTRACT This thesis analysis the textual and symbolic similarities between Shakespeare s tragedies Macbeth and Hamlet and William Faulkner s the sound and the furry and Absalom, Absalom!. Faulkner absorbed essential characteristics of Shakespearean tragedies and utilized them consciously and unconsciously in the creation of his own tragic figures. Comparison between

Diversity at Workplace as the Composite of Versatility and Commonalities Free Essay Example, 3000 words

In an organizational culture that is tolerant for people from all culture, employees learn to show respect and learn from each other thus using diversity to their advantage (Woods, et. Communication and technological advances have contributed to making the market and organizations a global concept (Anderson, 2013). Diversity can affect an organizational structure positively as well as negatively; where it can be a precursor to creativity and innovativeness, diversity can also lead to a rise in conflicts and employee turnover (Tharp, 2011). Diversity is shown to be positively associated with creativity and increased innovation (Tharp, 2011). Every individual brings his own unique set of experiences, knowledge, skills and cultural background and thus lends an array of diverse experiences to the organization (Ingram, 2013). When individuals with such vast and distinct knowledge work together, creativity and innovativeness is a natural result. A diverse workforce affords variety and div ersity in perspectives and experiences and is far more effective in generating innovative solutions (Tharp, 2011). A culture devoid of workplace diversity can lack in presenting the employees with an opportunity for self-growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Diversity at Workplace as the Composite of Versatility and Commonalities or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Dignity and Freedom Immanuel Kant Free Essays

Kant’s theories vary greatly with that of other philosophers. He was a retributivist who believed that it is alright to punish the wrongdoers as long as such punishment is tantamount or equivalent to the weight of the crime that was done. Punishment without proper reasons or justifications, such as jailing someone for petty theft is (according to the Kant) unjust. We will write a custom essay sample on Dignity and Freedom: Immanuel Kant or any similar topic only for you Order Now He spoke about punishment on the critique of practical reasons which is in contrast with Jeremy Bentham’s theory. Jeremy Bentham was a utilitarian theorist who considers punishment as evil (Robert, 2000). While Bentham supports rehabilitation efforts in prisons Kant found such efforts immoral. Kant further argued that such actions acted against ones personal rational choices. Kant rejects manipulation of people even when the causes and reasons are just. He believes that people should be allowed to reason for themselves and their decisions should be respected. Kant criticized other theories on the grounds that they were only hypothetical and could not be applicable in the real world. Some theories argue that the greater good ought to be considered when acting, nevertheless, such theory would be irrelevant to someone whose interest is contrary to the maintenance of the common good. Hypothetical moral systems should not be used to determine the moral action since they are very subjective. He rejected Hume’s theory on the ideal theory of the mind. To Kant, analytical methods should not be used to explain what is physically evident. He believes that synthetic reasoning involves relating concepts that are not directly related to the subject concept. A prior knowledge can be used in the metaphysics study. (Bayne, 2000) Kant criticizes the utilitarian view regarding happiness as the highest goal. He opposes this view as it created loopholes in arguing that people simply wants to achieve happiness. Happiness as far as Kant is concerned is a product of emotion. Following Kant’s arguments, acknowledging happiness as man’s final goal would be like ignoring the fact that human beings are rational and can choose or plan and anticipate their future. Kant portrays the categorical imperative approach where he sees all human beings as occupants of a special place in creation. People have different needs which ought to be satisfied using certain means. He uses the term maxim to refer to intentions or principle of action. Human beings should not act in a way that portrays other people simply as means to an end but as an end to itself. In working to attain the maxim people should not use others as means. People used should benefit from the arrangement and their consent should be sought. To him, duties should be beneficial to people used in the process of attaining the goals. I agree with Kant’s theory as all people should be treated with equality and with respect. There are two types of imperatives. The hypothetical imperative tells what we ought to do in order to achieve a goal. The categorical imperative leads to absoluteness since human beings are rational and can govern their actions. People should only act on maxims that can become ‘universal law’. To Kant, there are universal moral laws that are logically necessary. People’s actions should therefore be performed according to the acceptable universal laws of morality. Individuals should act according to the same moral laws (Robert, 2000). All people should be treated with moral respect. Deception should not be considered even when being applied for wrongdoers. To Kant, duties can be perfect or imperfect. Imperfect duties entail working to develop our talents since they are given to us for a purpose while perfect duties entail a duty to others. Kant rejected the ethical force brought about by tradition and coined the modern idea of autonomy. Autonomy is simply the capability of an individual to act on behalf of his own. Autonomy of the will is the ability of the will to be a will in itself while the will refers to the means by which a maxim can become a universal law. This lies in contrast with the notion of Heteronomy which is acting after observing the various consequences that an action has produced. He brought about the idea of centrality of rational thought. Each person can make free and autonomous choices and they are compelled by rationality and the categorical imperative in their decisions. Adherence to categorical imperative provides for autonomous ethical choice since people make their decisions rationally. In pursuit for various maxims all parties involved benefit from the arrangement (Collins, 2000). To Kant, objects do not have value but man gives them value through their rational goals and desires. Human beings have an intrinsic worth or dignity. They should therefore act in good will out of a sense of duty and use the categorical imperative. What we give to society comes back to us and we ought not to harm others but work in ensuring that they benefit from out actions. I agree with the ideas presented by Kant, provided the way in which he had defended the rationality of people. I also agree that there are categorical imperative laws or universal maxims which comprise our ethical standards. Nevertheless, I could not agree that people are ought to be treated as ends in themselves, for there are hard cases wherein one must treat someone as a means to an end. For instance, if the only way for a person to survive is to get an organ from someone who is already dying, wouldn’t it be rational to take the organ and use it for the person’s benefit since its real owner is already dying. Thus, there might be cases wherein Kant’s theory may fail or may not be of any use. Another famous example is the situation that involves lying. It is a universal maxim for Kant that people must not tell lies. However, if there is a killer at the lobby looking for a certain person, whom by chance you know where, was hiding; would it still be wrong to tell a lie (Bass). How to cite Dignity and Freedom: Immanuel Kant, Papers

Managing Employee Relations Management and Employment Relation

Question: a) Critically examine the legal risks that ABC face in taking the course of action outlined in this case? b) Critically discuss the defences available for ABC to deploy should an aggrieved employee or would-be employee decide to bring a tribunal case? How strong a case could be mounted? c) Evaluate the employment relations issues that could result within the organisation if the senior management team were to proceed with the course of action as described in the case study? d) As the HR Manager, what advice would you give the senior management team when running an exercise of this kind in the future? Answer: a: Based on the course of action that is to be undertaken by Mike, the legal risks that ABC may face are discussed in this section. The legal risks identified are divided with relation to payment, dismissal and health. Legal Risks: Payment: Sections 13 to 27 of the Employment Rights Act, 1997 deals with the provisions that are related with the protection of employees from unauthorised deductions from their wages. For the purposes of this Act, workers shall include employees as the word workers includes almost all contracts to perform to work other than freelancers (Collins, Ewing and McColgan 2012). If an employer, without having the contractual power or consent of the employee, reduces or deducts wages from their salary shall be considered as unlawful under section 13 of the Employment Rights Act, 1997 (Valticos 2013). In the case of, Arora v. Rockwell Automation Ltd, Mr Arora worked for an organisation namely, Rockwell from January to March 2005. The Tribunal held that his deduction on the part of the employer was unlawful in nature as it was straightforward deduction on the part of the employer (Stainback and Tomaskovic-Devey 2012). Hence, if an employer completely makes the salary of an employee dependent on the tar get that is to be achieved, it shall be considered as unlawful deduction on the part of the employer and an employee may file a complaint to the tribunal against the employer (Painter and Holmes 2015). Dismissal: Performance related issues are the most difficult issues to deal with justly. In many cases, they comprise of under achievement or poor performance. Ideally, an employer should not dismiss an employee for poor performance without giving him a notice for the downfall of his performance related to work (Barnard 2012). In the case of, Davison v. Kent Meters Ltd, Mrs Davison was dismissed from her work, giving her one-months notice, after the employer discovered that she delivered faulty components at work (Leyland 2016). Though in her defence she stated that she did as the supervisor instructed it to her, however, the supervisor denied this and she was dismissed. The Tribunal held that such a dismissal is unreasonable without formally warning her about and without giving her a chance to make changes in the faulty components (Kersley et al. 2013). In the case of Taylor v. Alidiar Ltd, the Tribunal held that the employer must show that it acted reasonably and honestly in believing that th e employee was performing poorly and he or she did not have the capacity to fulfil the job responsibilities for which he was employed. Health: In the United Kingdom, health becomes a very important factor in oil and gas industries where workers are involved in using heavy machineries that is likely to cause harm to their body or cause injury (Wanrooy et al. 2013). In such a scenario, it becomes important for employers to maintain and organise regular health checkups to ensure that the employees are not undergoing any physical harm because of their job or industrial role (Edwards v. The National Coal Board). The Health and Safety at Work Act, 1974, is the primary piece of legislation that obligates the employer to maintain safety at workplace especially where the industry or the employment is of such a nature, that is likely to cause harm (Van Wanrooy et al. 2013). However, in the case study, Mike regulates checkups for people who are obese or smokers. No law in the United Kingdom invalidates such an action, however, such action should be made voluntary in nature and no employees should be forced for health checkups in the o rganisation where health is not in danger. Since ABC is a software industry hence, health checkups should not be imposed on them as a matter of organisational policy but should be made voluntary. The legal risk that may be associated in this case is that obesity or overweight is a medical condition and not a health condition; people may not feel comfortable to be a part of such health checkups. In the same way, smoking is a matter of personal choice; imposition cannot be laid on account on such factor. b: The defences that may be available if an aggrieved employee or would be employee decide to bring a tribunal case against the organisation may be segregated based on payment, dismissal and health. An employer can deduct money from the wages of an employee only in limited and certain circumstances, such as, deduction that is authorised by statute, if the employee has provided consent to it or when such an action is an outcome of a disciplinary action or order that is an order of the Court. Additionally, the employer may also deduct money from the wages if the organisation has to reimburse the business because of overpayment or payment of debt or due to strike or industrial action (Stokes and Wood 2016). In this case, ABC can defend itself on the ground that it would enter into agreements with the employees that their payment of salary shall depend on 100 percent fulfillment of the target and that if failure to meet their target shall lead to deduction from their salary. In the case of Norris and others v. London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority, the Court held that an employer might deduct money from the wages of an employee if they fail to meet the aim and objectives of the organisation on which the company survives in the market. Hence, ABC can defend itself depending on this case law (Hoque 2014). The second course of action is related to the termination of employees for poor performance. Fall of in trade to meet specified targets may become a valid reason for dismissal, if the employer concludes such a dismissal reasonably. In the case of Woods v. Olympic Aluminum Company Ltd , Woods was unfairly dismissed from her management role as she was not able to perform her role well. However, this dismissal was unfair, as she never possessed managerial capacity (Williams et al. 2013). Hence, ABC can clearly rely on this case law showing that if a person is not able to meet his job requirements then he or she may be terminated from his work. In the United Kingdom, there is no law that explicitly states that if employees are terminated due to poor performance is illegal. Hence, this may become a defence in favour of ABC. In the third course of action, the defence that ABC can give in its support is that efficient health policies can ensure that workers are well thought of and are important part of the organisation. They shall feel that their health is considered as an important factor for the organisation and they are taken care by the organisation in which they work (Dibben and Williams 2012). Organisations adopt such factors for the well-being of their employees; however, such policies cannot be made mandatory on the employees because of the personal attributes that is associated with overweight and smoking (Marginson 2014). There is an increasing concern amongst employers for employees who become a victim of passive smoking. In the United Kingdom, the number of smokers has fallen in the year 1998 from 28 percent to 25 percent in the year 2003 (Hoque 2014). Hence, the defence that ABC may hold in this course of action is that the health policies are for the well-being and protection of the employee s. In the first and second course of action, the likelihood of mounting the case in favour of ABC is however less as compared to the third course of action. The reason behind this is that, in the first and the second course of action the Court shall have the power to use its discretion, and depending on the case facts and legal issues, the Court may decide the case in favour of ABC or the employee. However, in the third course of action the chances of success is more on the part of ABC as it is for the welfare of the employees and that it has the likelihood to yield positive results in the future in favour of the employees. c: The employment relationship is the link between the employers and employees that exists when a person performs services or work under existing circumstances in return for remuneration (Bach and Bordogna 2016). It is through the existence of employment relationship that rights and obligations are created between the employer and the employee. The survival of an employment relationship is the condition that helps in the determination of the application of labour laws in an organisation. The existing laws in relation to labour laws of a given country (Marginson 2015) guide both the employer and the employee. Mike Replica is appointed as the new Sales Director for ABC and as the new Sales Director of the Company; he has the following course of action for the organisation with relation to payment, dismissal and health: Impact on Employment Relations: Payment: Mike decides that the arrangement of payment for the employees should be completely commission based. Presently, the sales team receive additional 20 percent to their monthly target. However, Mike decides that the payment of employees salaries shall completely depend on the sales target being met. This shall have a negative impact on the employment relation between the employer and the employment. The reason behind this is that payment of wages is regarded as one the most important factors in the working life. It is a sensitive subject and such issues should be handled with care as it leads to creation of negative impact on the employee productivity and morale. It is a challenge for many companies to set proper levels in the system of remuneration and at the same time rewarding workers who work fairly. Incentives are considered as reinforcement for motivation (Lansbury and Kochan 2015). If the structure of the salary is such that employees shall not be rewarded for the extra effort that they will put in, shall decrease employee involvement to work and lessen productivity of work. Hence, ABCs policy with relation to payment shall decrease work involvement of the employees. Dismissal: As a matter of the organisations policy, Mike decides that the poorest performing member of the sales team should be dismissed each year and new employees should be recruited in place of the old employees. In the opinion of Mike, this shall boost the energy levels of the team and the hours that the team puts in to work shall be reduced. However, in the opinion of Mike, introduction of such a policy shall enhance or boost the energy levels of the employees. Nevertheless, it may lead to creation of negative impact between the employee and employer relationship. The reason behind this that employees expect a sense of empathy from their employers if for some reason they are not been able to perform well, the reason may be professional or personal in nature (Bach and Bordogna 2016). It is not necessary that at all times, employees fail to perform at work due to lack of understanding or interest. Many a times it so happens, that due to lack of concentration at workplace employee s fail to perform well. It is the responsibility of the employer to address such issues at a personal level, instead of simply terminating them from work. Employees are an important part of the workplace; they should be felt wanted and understood instead of feeling that at anytime they might be terminated from the place of work. Hence, formation of such policies at workplace may decrease motivation amongst employees and they shall spread a bad name about the organisation in the market (Van Wanrooy et al. 2013). Since ABC is a growing company, it should be cautious about the policies it is formulating as it might it affect the brand name of the company in the software industry. Health: Mike requires the members of the sales team to undergo medicals with the doctor of the company with an aim of establishing their fitness levels. Employees, who are overweight, would be required to diet until they reach a target weight, while smokers would be required to attend classes aimed at persuading them to quit smoking. Formulation of health policies within an organisation is always in favour for both the employees and the employers. The health policy that is in favour of the employees shall help the organisation in becoming popular in the near future (Marginson 2015). Overweight is a medical condition and not a physical condition, some of the employees may not wish to be a part of the health check up due to the medications that they follow at a personal level. Hence, health checkups should be made voluntary in nature and not mandatory, nevertheless continuing to be a factor of motivation amongst employees. From the perspective of people who smoke regularly, persuading them to quit smoking is a very motivating factor for the employees. This is beneficial not only for the active smokers but also for the passive smokers. Hence, formulation of health policies that is in favour of the employee works out yielding positive results for the organisation. d: As a HR Manager the advice that I would have given to the senior management had he shown interest of running this kind of course of action in the organisation, would relate to issues relating to motivation, employee engagement and commitment. The first course of action that Mike formulated in this case study was related to the system of wages that was to be awarded depending completely on achievement of sales target. In my opinion, incentives play a very important factor in motivation of employees. The system of incentive motivates employees not only to meet the target that is set for them but also motivates them to work extra so that they earn incentives. Incentives are helpful for both the employee and the organisation. However, if salaries become dependent completely on achievement of 100 percent of the target, employees who are capable of doing extra work for the benefit of the company shall be restrained from doing so, as factor of motivation is missing. Employees should be g uaranteed a basic salary that they shall be entitled to irrespective of meeting their target or not (Valticos 2013). For the second course of action, as the HR Manager, I would have advised Mike for making sure that employees are not terminated at one go. Instead, they should be first given proper training for the area in which they lack expertise and thereafter, proper time should be given for implementation of the same. Despite, the trainings that employees are provided with, if they continue to perform badly, they may be given a warning and if persistently they fail to give desired results, may be finally terminated. This shall enhance the sense of security of the employees relating to their employment. For the third course of action, not many amendments are required as the policy is already in favour of the employees and the employer. However, the only factor that is to be taken care with regard to health policies is that such policies should not be made mandatory rather voluntary. If the employees wish to be a part of the organisations health programme they shall definitely be a part of it, however, would not be forced for the same. References: Bach, S. and Bordogna, L. eds., 2016.Public Service Management and Employment Relations in Europe: Emerging from the Crisis. Routledge. Barnard, C., 2012.EU employment law. Oxford University Press. Collins, H., Ewing, K.D. and McColgan, A., 2012.Labour law. Cambridge University Press. Dibben, P. and Williams, C.C., 2012. Varieties of capitalism and employment relations: informally dominated market economies.Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society,51(s1), pp.563-582. Hoque, K., 2014. 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